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　　Albrecht Dürer‘s drawing contrasts a well-turned out bourgeoisie from Nuremberg (left) with her counterpart from Venice, in. The Venetian lady‘s high chopines make her taller.The European idea of fashion as a personal statement rather than a cultural expression begins in the 16th century: ten portraits of German or Italian gentlemen may show ten entirely different hats.

　　But the local culture still set the bounds, as Albrecht Dürer recorded in his actual or composite contrast of Nuremberg and Venetian fashions at the close of the 15th century (illustration, right). Fashions among upper-class Europeans began to move in synchronicity in the 18th century; though colors and patterns of textiles changed from year to year, (Thornton), the cut of a gentleman‘s coat and the length of his waistcoat, or the pattern to which a lady‘s dress was cut changed more slowly. Men‘s fashions derived from military models, and changes in a European male silhouette are galvanized in theatres of European war, where gentleman officers had opportunities to make notes of foreign styles: an example is the "Steinkirk" cravat (a necktie) (see Cravat). The pace of change picked up in the 1780s with the publication of French engravings that showed the latest Paris styles. By 1800, all Western Europeans were dressing alike: local variation became first a sign of provincial culture, and then a badge of the conservative peasant (James Laver; Fernand Braudel). Fashion in clothes has allowed wearers to express emotion or solidarity with other people for millennia. Modern Westerners have a wide choice available in the selection of their clothes. What a person chooses to wear can reflect that person‘s personality or likes. When people who have cultural status start to wear new or different clothes a fashion trend may start. People who like or respect them may start to wear clothes of a similar style.

　　Fashions may vary significantly within a society according to age, social class, generation, occupation and geography as well as over time. If, for example, an older person dresses according to the fashion of young people, he or she may look ridiculous in the eyes of both young and older people. The term "fashion victim" refers to someone who slavishly follows the current fashions (implementations of fashion). One can regard the system of sporting various fashions as a fashion language incorporating various fashion statements using a grammar of fashion.

标签：时尚潮流

热门成语

• 风不鸣条  和风轻拂，树枝不发出声响。比喻社会安定。
• 安分知足  安于本分，对自己所得到的待遇知道满足。
• 白圭之玷  白玉上的一个斑点。比喻人或物大体很好，只是有些小缺点。
• 飞沙走砾  沙：沙土；砾：小石块。沙土飞扬，小石块滚动。形容风势很猛。
• 百思不解  百般思索也无法理解。
• 诽誉在俗  诽：指诽谤；誉：赞扬；俗：风气、习惯。诽谤或赞扬在于当时的风习。后来引申指风气、习惯的作用非常大。
• 分毫不爽  比喻没有丝毫差错。
• 挨肩擦背  形容人多拥挤。
• 飞黄腾达  飞黄：传说中神马名；腾达：上升，引伸为发迹，宦途得意。形容骏马奔腾飞驰。比喻骤然得志，官职升得很快。
• 博闻辩言  博：多。闻：传闻。辩言：巧言。形容道听途说，似是而非的言论。
• 不齿于人  指被人看不起。
• 不打不成相识  指经过交手，彼此了解，结交起来就更投合。
• 不恶而严  并不恶声恶气，但很威严，使人知敬畏。
• 飞蛾投火  象蛾子扑火一样。比喻自找死路、自取灭亡。
• 飞云掣电  掣：闪过。像流云飞和闪电一样。形容非常迅速。